Understanding Social Isolation and Loneliness: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Alone in a crowded world - social isolation can feel vast

High-quality social connections are essential to our mental and physical health and our well-being. Social isolation and loneliness are important, yet neglected, social determinants for people of all ages – including older people.

Social isolation and loneliness are widespread, with more than 1 in 10 people in Canada saying they are always or often lonely. Research has shown that social isolation and loneliness have a serious impact on one’s health and overall well-being. The health risks are comparable to smoking daily, excessive drinking, and obesity.  

What is Social Isolation and Loneliness

While often used interchangeably, social isolation and loneliness are distinct concepts. According to the World Health Organization, loneliness is the pain we feel when our social connections do not meet our needs, while social isolation is the state of having a smaller number of social contacts, which may contribute to loneliness. 

Causes of Social Isolation and Loneliness

There are many contributing factors that can lead to social isolation and loneliness: 

1. Life Transitions: Events such as moving to a new city, retirement, or the loss of a loved one can lead to feelings of loneliness. 

2. Health Challenges: Chronic illness, disability, or mental health issues can limit one’s ability to engage with others

3. Digital Overuse: Excessive reliance on digital communication can lead to shallow relationships and feelings of detachment

4. Stigma: Fear of judgment may prevent individuals from reaching out for support, especially for those dealing with mental health concerns or other stigmatized conditions

5. Aging: Older adults often face increased isolation due to physical limitations, the loss of peers, or lack of access to transportation.

Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness

Social isolation and loneliness can affect your physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

• Mental Health: Includes worsening of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation

• Physical Health: Higher rates of cardiovascular disease, weakened immune function, and even premature death

• Behavioural Impacts: Changes in sleeping patterns, unhealthy coping mechanisms, and decreased motivation to engage socially

What You Can Do If You Feel Social Isolation and Loneliness

If you’re struggling with social isolation and loneliness, here are some things you can do according to the WHO: 

1. Get in touch with friends face-to-face or through technology such as over the phone, text, or video chat

2. Do things you enjoy like a hobby or spending time outdoors

3. Reach out to local services that can connect you with new people, communities, or professional help

   
   

If you’re looking for more tangible actions you can take to overcome social isolation and loneliness, check out this blog from HelpGuide.